An indicator of the average abundance of a large and diverse set of organisms in a given geographical area, relative to their reference populations (Scholes & Biggs, 2005). Among the biodiversity metrics, Biodiversity Intactness Index (BII) stands out as a global leader in biodiversity indicators, enabling the quantification of biodiversity loss which informs our understanding of biosphere planetary boundaries. Global biodiversity is rapidly declining, primarily due to agricultural production driven by both domestic and transboundary consumption (Nguyen, C.T., Vačkářová, D. & Weinzettel, J. Consistent global dataset on biodiversity intactness footprint of agricultural production from 2000 to 2020. Sci Data 12, 1613 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05901-0). Global mean magnitude of BII was estimated to be 76 ± 16 % between 2000 and 2020, accompanied by the highly diverse BII variations across geographic regions. (Naiyi Liu, Yunhe Wu, Zihan Liu,Decline in global biodiversity intactness over the past two decades, Science of The Total Environment, Volume 964,2025,178550, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178550.)
Biodiversity Intactness Index (BII)
