Human health relies on ecosystem resources, products and services such as fresh water, food and fuel sources; the regulation of crop pests and diseases; and the regulation of air, water and soil quality—all of which are needed for good health and productive livelihoods. Biodiversity loss has significant direct and indirect health impacts if ecosystem services no longer meet the societal needs of human well-being.
Source: WHO (2025) Fact Sheet on Biodiversity; European Commission (2023) Biodiversity and health.
